Security Requirements & Possible Risks Essay Example for Free

Security Requirements Possible Risks Essay Huffman Trucking, an established trucking company since 1936, has recently requested the implementation of a new Benefits Elections System to assist management in tracking and reporting the benefits of both union and non-union employees. A database system will be utilized to store critical data such as employee information, along with the benefit package of their choosing. Storing such information requires necessary security measures to be in place to ensure the total protection of the data within. The risks associated with storing critical information must also be thoroughly addressed so Huffman Trucking can develop effective action plans to prevent potential threats from harming the organization. Regardless of the storage method when handling critical information, security measures must be implemented to effectively protect the data, as well as the company assets from potential threats such as theft or litigation. Security Requirements When it comes to effectively protecting company data, any organization has the great responsibility to identify as well as implement security policies, values, strategies, processes, procedures, and best practices to fully ensure data protection, as well as ensure that organizational goals and objectives are continually being met (Reiner, 2008). The information that will be stored within the Huffman Trucking database will include: employee names, social security numbers, birthdates, etc. The loss of such data can ultimately not only harm the employee, but the organization as a whole. In an effort to reduce and/or eliminate such risks, security requirements for the Benefits Elections System should include: firewall security, encryption, and password protection and renewal. Firewall security is an absolute necessary security requirement to effectively protect the database from malicious attacks such as hackers. Firewall security refers to a network device that will block certain types of network traffic, forming a barricade between a trusted and an untrusted network (â€Å"Dell†, 2013). The purpose of this security measure is to prevent the spread of computer attacks by blocking access to information from unauthorized sources. Due to the amount of sensitive data that will be stored within the system, it is recommended that the firewalls should be configured to support the default-deny policy, in which the allowed network services are listed, and everything else is denied (â€Å"Dell†, 2013). The use of encryption will also enhance the security of the information that will be stored within the Benefits Elections System. Encryption is a simple security measure that will distort the information contained within an employee file so that it can be viewed only by the authorized users who have the proper encryption key to decipher it. Much like firewall security, it will block unauthorized users from accessing confidential information by making the data impossible to view. Password protection and renewal are crucial security measures that must be enforced by Huffman Trucking to ensure the protection of data stored within the Benefits Elections System. Authorized users should protect their passwords at all costs; unprotected passwords leave critical data vulnerable to access by unauthorized users. Recommendations to ensure a password is protected include: * Password length: A password should always be at least eight characters long. * Complexity: Make a password as complex as possible by using a variety of letters, numbers, symbols and punctuations. The more complex the password, the better protected it is. * Variation: Change a password at least every three months, if not more. * Variety: Use different passwords for different accounts. Never use the same password for everything. * Confidentiality: Never share or write down a password. Writing down or sharing a password leaves critical data vulnerable in ways that most people can never imagine. The ability of an organization to renew passwords frequently is a significant step towards enhanced data protection (Brown, 2010). To enhance the effectiveness of password renewal, system users should not have the ability to use previous passwords when renewing the current ones. Implementing password renewal on the Benefits Elections System will ensure security measures are continually enforced, especially in the event that if an unauthorized user were to gain access to the system, the password would only be good for a specific length of time before it will be changed. Possible Risks â€Å"Risk† is a term that most people, as well as organizations, are familiar with. Risk can be defined as the probability of any possible threat turning into a disaster, which is why significant measures are often taken to reduce and/or eliminate such possibilities. By utilizing a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), Huffman Trucking can effectively determine the vulnerabilities associated with implementing a Benefits Elections System, and develop action plans to correct the vulnerabilities to prevent the risks from becoming reality. Several risks are often associated with the implementation of a new system, however, the main risks that must be considered by Huffman Trucking include: database corruption, human error, and hacking and other malicious attacks. Database corruption is likely the most common cause of data loss within an information system (Mulvey, 2006). Database corruption damages the database and impairs functionality. Memory errors, network errors, power glitches, PC crashing when the database is open are all examples of incidences that can lead to database corruption. Data corruption is unfortunately inevitable; however, there are several practices that can be done to avoid such a threat. These practices include, but are not limited to: * Ensuring the network is set up properly. * Running Scandisk and Defrag often to ensure hard disk functionality. * Refraining from using databases during thunderstorms to avoid power glitches. * Ensuring the database is implemented correctly, and is ready to be utilized by all system users. Human error is perhaps one of the biggest threats that can lead to data corruption. It is important to keep in mind that the greater the number of system users of the Benefits Elections System, the more chances there are for crucial information to be leaked or mishandled. Taking the proper precautions to safeguard the data (this should include a thorough training after system implementation) to ensure the information is appropriately handled at all times is vital to the well-being of both the employees, as well as the organization. Given the amount of sensitive information that will be stored within the Benefits Elections System, it is obvious that Huffman Trucking must be aware that cyber-criminals will try to gain access to such data should it be left unprotected. Breaking into information systems for malicious intent is something that has made security what it is today: thorough and inflexible. Hackers are smart nowadays; they can make use of a number of tools and techniques to grant them access to information, which can have damaging effects on the victim(s). The possibilities of what a cyber-criminal will do once he or she has access to sensitive information are endless; however, one thing is for sure: the victim(s) could virtually lose everything. Without the proper security measures that were previously mentioned in place, the Benefits Elections System will be vulnerable to hackers and other malicious attacks. Thoroughly examining the potential risks with the implementation of any information system will allow an organization to effectively develop action plans and enforce the necessary security measures required to reduce and/or eliminate such risks. A thorough and effective risk analysis will demonstrate how firewall security, encryption, and password protection can reduce the risks of database corruption and malicious attacks. Like any information system, the Benefits Elections System will prove to be vulnerable to potential threats if not protected at all costs. References Brown, T. (2010). Protecting Organizations’ Most Critical Data with Privileged Password Management. New York, NY: Auerbach Publications . Dell. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.secureworks.com/resources/articles/other_articles/firewall-security/ Mulvey, A. (2006). QA Database Corruption. Retrieved from

Evaluate Our Rukun Negara Essay

Evaluate Our Rukun Negara Essay The principles of the Rukun Negara formulated by National Consultative Council with together headed by our second prime minister, Tun Abdul Razak at 31 August 1970. The purpose of formation of this national principles are to created unity of various race in Malaysia after the riots of different races at May 13th 1969 in Malaysia. That riots happened had proven the Malaysian racial issues and stability had fragile. The formation of Rukun Negara are one of the method to overcome the racial issues between different races in Malaysia after the May 13th incidents has happened which involved hundreds of people are death in that particular incident. It happened when after election at year 1969 where Parti Tindakan Rakyat (DAP) dan Gerakan get a very good respond from the result of the election. Procession was held by them purpose for incident of one youth Chinese was killed in battle with policemen before the election was held. UMNO was felt be challenged of the result of the election although them still win the majority seats in parliament. Datuk Harun Idris led the riots happened. Purpose of this provocative procession happened was to set fire to the spirit of nationalism of every races in Malaysia. This riots happened until the police force was unable to control the situation. Army force had to be called to help police force to control the situations. This incidents has made all the leaders in Malaysia has realized of importance of unity issues of various races in the country. In the official report, there are totals of 493 people was injured and 196 people are reported death of that incidents. Emergency in the country was declared by our Yang Dipertua Agong, with advices from our first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman based on article 150 in constitution of federal Malaysia. The Rukun Negara can be related with several place that we visit in the trips. The first principle can related with Batu Caves and National Palaces. Batu Caves are rich with Hinduism cultural. The cultural still preserved until today that let us to enable to study and get to know the elements and everything cultural about Hinduism. National Palaces are rich with Islam religions and cultural. Inside the palaces, lot of architectures are follow Islam and mixed with Hinduism elements to build with it. Switch of the light and fans are made of gold plated, which represent the wealthy and higher class people in society. National Museum represent the place to let all the people to access the past cultural and present cultural in Malaysia. In museum, we can access different races occupations, cultural, rituals and behavior being practice in past and until current today in Malaysia. It also show us how the life, ritual and cultural of Orang Asli in Malaysia. Examine carefully the importance of Rukun Negara for our country; how it cultivate social structure and social organization in society. We are admitting that Rukun Negara was important to our country in Malaysia. Rukun Negara was created to meet its purpose of unity of various race in Malaysia, and prevent the riots of races happened again within the country. Analysis of each elements of national principles BELIEF IN GOD Nation and the State was created based on a strong belief in God. It would make the sovereign country or nation thru these religions belief. The Federal Constitution declared that Islam is the official religion, but other religion and beliefs can be practiced in freedom and tranquility. Any actions discrimination against any citizen on grounds based on religion are prohibited. Pillars of the drafters of the committee recognize the importance of belief in God and religion in human life. This principle has been selected as the first principle of the Rukun Negara to recognize the importance of community members holding robustness against their teaching of religious LOYALTY TO KING AND COUNTRY Malaysia practices a system of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy with head of state, His Majesty the King. This element means that every citizen should be devoted faithful, honest and sincere to His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. At the state level, the citizens are required to devote loyalty to the king who ruled the land where they reside without reducing allegiance to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. THE SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION This principle pressing need for people to accept, obey and defend the Constitution of the country or glory. Constitution is the highest legal source. Its function is to provide protection to every citizen of this country because of their privileges and rights as citizens in this country. The Malaysian citizens are required to respect, appreciate, and understand the history, contents and definitions of the Constitution. Constitution was drafted based on consensus of all parties and races within the country. Thus the social contract that people cannot be questioned about it and threatened by any individual or any party. Constitution of Malaysia made for determine the pattern of socio-economic and political position of the citizens in this country. THE RULE OF LAW Justice based on the rule of law where all citizens equal before the law in the country legally. State law based on the Constitution. Thus the need to be accepted and defended its sovereignty. Without the law, social and state life is not peaceful and stable. By the laws of the country are guaranteed by an independent judiciary and competent. Every country needs laws to regulate and create peaceful, prosperity and stability in society. The existence of the law will guarantee a life member of the community can move with freedom and orderly, without any disturbance which not threated the safety of other citizens in the country. All citizens has right to practice freely as long as no violation of the law as well as things as guaranteed by the Constitution. The freedoms right declared in the Constitution does not means citizens have the right to overthrow the current government. COURTESY AND MORALITY These five principles to emphasize the development of ones personality and behavior of the people. The aim is to form citizens courtesy and manners in line with the campaign Courtesy and Noble Values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹conducted now. Individual nature of courtesy and manners are the most important and meaningful in the elements of relationships with other various races within the country. Attitude of courtesy and manners should be taught and practiced to develop the individual as well as high discipline and morality that will help create harmonious in the society. Conduct hate and condemn this behavior or act arrogant or offend any person or class. Polite behavior within the person are contains of high degree of morality in his / her life. Importance of Rukun Negara are create unity among the different races, Chinese, Malay and Indians in Malaysia. In the national principles, it has avoid any racial issues happened between among the three main racial in the country. It was law binding for those go against with it will be arrested. National Principles also create function as a guidance in the formation of one nation in the country regardless of religion and race. It has become important guidelines for government in Malaysia ruled the country. (Utusan Online, 2004) National principles also creates the way of democracy life in the Malaysia nation. In the federal constitution, it was stated practice of democracy must in element for governing in nations of Malaysia. The constitution are almost same like United States. National principles also to serve purpose of the wealth in the nation shall be equitably shared among the nation. It also to ensure the liberal approach of diversity and rich of different cultural traditions within Malaysian nations. (Utusan Online, 2004) In first elements of national principles, not one were racial, each citizens of Malaysia was respect each other cultural, traditions and religions been practice by different races. In today, we can see the effects created by the national principle in our country, Malaysia. Every races still manage to get mixed well by each other. (Utusan Online, 2004) Different races mix well together Second element in national principles are made the citizens in Malaysia have love and loyalty to their country and Kings. Not only that, they are expected to be love their leaders as well. In Today, although we can see Sultan are functionless in our country, but Malaysians are not going to oppose the Sultan but to love the Sultan more and respect them as there are one of the leaders in Malaysia. We can saw Malaysia are developing far behind than Singapore. But, we still love our country as we can see the specialty of Malaysia are united three races in one nation one country, which this reasons are attracted the foreign tourists come and visit to Malaysia. (Utusan Online, 2004) Third elements in national principles enable the citizens in Malaysia live in democracy way in their country. There is freedom to practices their own rituals, cultural and also religious for each races. Every citizens have their right and own voice to protest the wrong doing in the society. Very good example are referring to Bersih Campaign. It is one of the democracy way for Malaysian citizens to voice out their dissatisfied with the wrong doing in past elections. (Utusan Online, 2004) Bersih Campaign The Law Binding were cultivate the society become more alert when they commit any illegal activity. One of the example, any drug trafficking was arrested and had been judged by court, it will received penalty as dead sentences in final. The last principle has enabled all the citizens to build up better or superior personality which consist good moral and behavior. The superior of personality are the important elements of the development of the country. It also able to avoid any riots happened within the country among the different race. In opposite, it able to create harmony among the race for helping each other, complement each other which gave a fast lane for a country to become developed country. Crime rate also can be reduced at the same time. Hence, the Ultimate goal of Rukun Negara also can be achieved at the same time. Different races of Bersih Activists help to save out the victim which hit by policemen car in Bersih Campaign. They eventually help policemen get out of the car after they save the victim of accident. In my opinion, national principles have its importance and it have affect the Malaysian society to get united even better compared with time at post- independent. In today, we can see everyone can have different races of friend in their life. The freedom of Malaysian citizen to practice their cultural and rituals without anyone restrictions are amazing, it has attracted the different country tourists just to come and visit the Malaysia for experiencing this multiracial cultural in Malaysia. In today, we able to see even we from different races but they really help each other when we have difficulty in some situations. My personal experience, when there are a accidents occurs, i can see the Malays and Indians come and help out each other. But, we still can see some group of people which have power in political and position which seen Rukun Negara as nothing. Here, i not wish to refer anyone in Malaysia, but we commonly know what is actually happened in our country. Death of Teoh Beng Hock was still became mystery until today, although court had given final judgment as he commit suicide. We still can see many corruptions happened around the country, which the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission cannot do anything on it because the excessive power involve which can overwrite everything and manage run away from judgments including legislative. In conclusion, Rukun Negara are play very important roles in Malaysia. It gave peace among our country. It also born good personality of the citizens, which love their everything in their home country. Unity among the races are become the specialty of Malaysia toward other countries in all around the world. Others discussion questions Examine Malaysian crime rate and analysis the statistics based on Roberts Merton s Typology of Deviance. In Robert Merton theory of Deviance typology, there are five elements. There are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. Basically, he explain about deviants behavior becomes crime when the crime too disruptive and uncontrollable through informal sanctions. All forms of deviance are related with crime. (Tepperman Curtis, J., 2006) Conformity are refer to achieved of societal goals by social s means which both of them are accepted by society. Innovation is the attaining goals by using unacceptable way by the society. Innovators always think and take of creative ways to achieve their goals, which the creative ways are not accept by society at most of the times. Meanwhile, Ritualism is the means accepted by society but the loss of the goals. Although they has rejected the goals, but they still continue the means. Retreatism is the rejection of both the goals and means. They often find a way to escape from goals and means. Rebellion are same meaning with retreatism but they are with new goals and new means. Merton defined innovation and ritualism are the pure cases, it is because both cases there is a discontinue to implied and pursue between goals and means. (Tepperman Curtis, J., 2006) Based on Malaysia statistics related with crime and law, there are fourteen type of crimes. In concern of increase number of crimes are violent crimes, property crimes, commercial and serial commercial code crimes. Violent crimes are included case of murder, rape, fire armed gang robbery, gang robbery without firearms. Property crimes covered stealing of truck/van, car, snatch thefts and burglary. Commercial crimes covered those trick in business deal, criminal breach of trust, the fraudulent misuse of property and others related. (Statistical of Goverment Malaysia) Relation between Malaysia crime rate and Robert Merton theory, He try to stated that deviances. There is an adaptation by the people to dominant the culture in the society. As the grows between the means and goals, the people will experienced the most internal conflict. Good example, a poor people desired middle class people goal, such as a new LCD television in the home. They find difficulty of means to achieve their goals, in result they felt stress. He argued that they use illegitimate way to accomplish a legitimate goal. Very good example, stealing are one of related element of crimes rate and Robert theory. Thief choose to use stealing ways to achieve their goal of acquire money to survive in this society. This term called as innovations, and the thief called as innovators. Ritualism has some similarity problems with innovators experience. But, they choose to refuse for attaining the goal, and continue with their means (ways to achieve the goal). Example, some people know the way of they achieve the goal are not going to work, but they still practice the ways. Best way to describe retreatism are referring to drug addicts. They did not choose the way to achieve the goal, they also refuse to achieve to goal. They choose to escape from everything. Rebellion are referring group of people or individual who reject the norms, goals, and values of society, which they choose go for another new norms, goals, and values which do not exist in that particular society. Sometime, it is a society itself led the crime happened. Examples, everyone was addicted with the New IPhone which cost very expensive in price. But, because of the societys demand pressure, everyone essential has one by themselves. Some of them might be not afford, they choose perform deviance ways to achieve the cost which enables they to buy the phone, including steal, rob and involved in prostitutions. Father and mother should play a very important role in teaching their children which are ethical ways to perform a decision. It same go with teachers and lecturers in study institutions. Morality values should focus by the teachers in school for their student. Father and mother should become of role to be teach their children should not fall into the trick of deviance typology. In conclusion, everyone has the responsibility for judge whether the ethical decision has been made for majority benefit and agreement in the society. Evaluate the status of women in terms of career and education in Malaysia compare with United States, Kuwait and Nigeria. Status of women in different country has different answer of it. Example, women in Malaysia are far better than women in Middle East countries, which they are more pity, less educated and only play important role in family for caring the children in the home. There are heavy discrimination of women in Middle East countries. Generally, women in Malaysia are consider lucky. They able to receive education and handle certain higher position in several multi-national company. Although, there are small number of discriminations toward to the women, but the situation still consider small matter if compared with Nigeria and other Middle East countries. Malaysia government gave lot of supports for concert their rights to make decisions and advance, aspect of health, education, women in social welfare, and removal of legal obstacles. Formation of the Womens Affairs Ministry in Malaysia at year 2001 to recognize the contributions and the roles of Malaysian women. Based on data of the world bank at year 2011, 47 % of labor force in Malaysia are women. In any study institutions, we able to see majority of students are consisted of female. (The World Bank Group, 2013) Today, women in Kuwait generally consider most emancipated. They have right to drive, travel, and work without their fathers or husbands consent. They even hold senior positions in government department. They basically can work freely and can achieve positions of power and influence. (Womens Voting Rights in Kuwait, n.d.)They also gain right to vote at last at election at year 2005. (BBC News, 2005) In year 2009, they able to get their own passport without his consent of his husband and father too. The change of the ruler in the country in result of election has change the destiny of women in that particular country. There even has women work in police force, special force and army force. Basically, women in Kuwait get equal opportunity of occupational. But, Women in Kuwait get some social discrimination. In Islamic law, Sunni Islamic women inherit only a portion of property from family. Women in Kuwait are receive enough education compared than women in Nigeria. Women in Nigeria are pitiful. They did not enjoy their equal rights as like women in other country. Because of polygamy practice of male in Nigeria, women cannot expect faithful from their husbands. Women are expected to bear humiliation and suffer in silence. Women taken suffer from any venereal diseases, including HIV/AIDS without any words spoken from their mouth. Nigeria women get lower status in the family even had married with her husband. They often get violence from their husband. The economy pressure (higher poverty) led they work as prostitution in their home country. This also one of the reason they get inflection of STD and HIV virus. Nevertheless, majority of them are less educated. Most of the time, women in Nigeria are spend lot of time in house to do their household stuffs. They never have chance work in outside work as like men in Nigeria. (Women in Nigeria: Religion, Culture, and AIDS, 2003) In today, women in United States are gain most freedom in all around the world. According to OECD report, 71% of men are in paid work, compared with 62% of women. In education aspect, This is truer of women than men, as 88% of men have successfully completed high-school compared with 90% of women. ( OECD, n.d.) Across the economy, women now earn 81 cents for every dollar earned by men. According to Forbes (2013), Women are get best paying of wages in place number four of job of health care sectors. (Forbes, 2013) According to the David Alexander and Phil Stewart (2013), US remove lift ban of women involved in role of front line combat. It has release thousands of job opportunity to women in Unite States. (Alexander Phil Stewart, 2013) Education status of women in unite state are far better than any women in Kuwait, Malaysia and Nigeria. According to the United States Census Bureau, there more women attained bachelor degree than men in education. It has shown women get more freedom and opportunity of education in United States. (United States Census Bureau, 2011) In conclusion, my opinion about women toward career and education term should be equal same as male. Women should have the equal right same like male, because they also same like male. We should exploit and limited them to involve with the things as they like to be.

The Powers of the Core Executive

The Powers of the Core Executive My chosen question shall see me discuss how the reform of the British State affected the power of the core executive. I shall be focusing on key themes such as looking into the concept of the core executive and how its seen to have traditionally operated, including the Westminster model. I shall discuss debates into the relationships and powers within the core executive, focusing directly on Thatcher v Blair. I will go onto discussing the reforms within the British State, explaining what they are and how they operate, and how they affect the core executive. I shall look at the different perspectives of the contemporary core executive by looking into the hollowed out and differentiated policy systems. Lastly I shall look at contingency core executive model before concluding. ******Concept of the core executive and traditional perspectives of its operation ie Westminster model†¦.. What is the core executive? The core executive is at the very centre of British government. It covers the very complex web of institutions, networks and practices surrounding the Prime Minister, cabinet, cabinet minister as well as committees and the less formalised groups. Smith.J.M (1999). It focuses on roles not just structures; also it has to be ready to react at all times as certain incidents such as the London riots would have caused a reaction within the core executive. This is known as fire-fighting, managing a crisis suddenly sometimes a matter of life and death. POLITICS AND GOVERNENCE pg 96. The treasury is always within the core executive, as every time it agrees to commit resources to a specific area its denying its resources elsewhere. Therefore the treasury maintains a structure of balance within the core executive. POLITICS AND GOVERNENCE IN UK PG 116. Westminster Model is seen to be an organising material, one which is built on the assumption that there is parliamentary sovereignty. It is argued that the Westminster Model was failing due to the reform of the government and as a member of the European Union. Smith.J.M (1999). It is a dominant figure over the central government, with its governing party mainly in the House of Commons. The main characteristics of the Westminster model apart from parliamentary sovereignty are that the cabinet ministers have collective responsibility, party discipline maintained and voters are offered a choice between parties, GOVERNENCE PG 48. ******Debate over relationships and power in core executive- cabinet v PM v Presidential style government, maybe utilising Thatcher and Blair example†¦.. There is an on-going debate over relationships and powers within the core executive. Along with this are the different styles of government which every leader adopts to their own personal style. The main figure head is the Prime Minister, in which all policies have to be passed and accepted before they take their place within society. The Prime Minister also represents the country during international debates and relations. The Cabinet is another prominent figure within the core executive it tends to consist of around 20-23 ministers, each is appointed by the Prime Minister themselves. The Cabinet helps with government business such as public expenditure and constitutional issues. The Cabinet is strongly supported by the Civil Service. McEwan.N (2004). The Prime Minister V Cabinet debate has gone on for many years and shall continue to be seen as a battle between two important figure bodies. Relating strongly to the circumstances and the resources that are available at the time, may determine who may take the leading role. Prime Ministers are dependent on the support of the cabinet and without the appropriate team work wouldnt be a successful unit. Blair V Margaret Thatcher. Its believed that the resignation of Margaret Thatcher was forced upon her as she failed to recognise her dependency on colleagues within the core executive. This was due to her ignoring pleas and views from colleagues during a recession and unpopularity in the polls. During 1980 and 1990 Thatcher was seen to be a strong figure but this started to deteriorate rapidly causing more resignations under her such as John Major. THE CORE EXEC IN BRITAIN PG 102. Tony Blair did follow some traits left behind by Margaret Thatcher, but he also introduced significant changes to the way in which the government was run. Blair and Thatcher between them are the two longest serving prime ministers in the last hundred years. Thatcher when in government instituted reforms within British government, as well as opening up economic and global competition. BRITISH POLITICS PG 302. *****Reforms in the British state, what are they? What has been their effect? How have they affected the core executive There have been many reforms within the British state over the years, with each prime minister bringing in reforms that they believe are needed at that time. Margaret Thatcher had big involvement in the reform of the central government when she was in power. Thatcher wanted to reduce the size of the state by reducing the amount of civil servants. This was mainly due to privatisation; thatcher believed that by reforming the central government it would become more efficient and better value for money. CORE EXEC PG 200. With many new reforms being introduced this brings implications to the core executive such as resources and relationships, and how they are utilised. Thatcher wanted to increase the power of authority and was committed to ensure that the reforms she brought in wouldnt be easy to reverse. CORE EXEC PG 212. Tony Blair was known to be trying to adjust the way in which the core executive was set up, after Margaret Thatcher. With the British state being a parliamentary one the core executive works within a parliamentary framework. The core executive has lost power, due to the reform and the movement of powers within the core executive. It is believed by Rhodes that the differentiated polity has had a great impact on the core executive making it more about co-ordination rather than direction of power. PAGE242. A key issue that comes out of this is that the ministers within the core executive can identify what needs to be done to improve British society, but its whether they have the approp riate resources to do so. *****Different perspectives of the contemporary core executive ie Rhodes hollowed out model and differentiated polity and Richards and Smiths dependency/resource exchange and contingency core executive model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ There are different perspectives of the contemporary core executive; I am focusing on Rhodess hollowed out and differentiated polity models. Rhodess Differentiated Polity model is one of the most complex attempts at providing a contemporary organising perspective on the British system of government. There are many key strands to the differentiated polity including policy networks, power dependence, governance, intergovernmental relations and a hollowed out state. GOV AND P.P IN UK PG 20. The hollowing out of the state is the most important aspect of the differentiated polity model. The hollowing out of the state summarises many changes which have taken place in the British government. GOV AND P.P IN UK PG 26. Rhodes 1997 states that central government authority has been reduced and dispersed:- Upwards to the supranational level. Outwards through privatisation and market testing. (Core executive.) Downwards, through the creation of quangos and agencies. British government is seen to be hollowed out from the top as a result of our membership with the European Union. A few factors that are seen to be responsible for hollowing out are globalisation, Europeanization, internationalism and privatisation. Privatisation can benefit the government such as it helps raise a lot of money, which can be then spent on public expenditure. It also encourages private investments as well as reducing power of trade unions. Globalisation and its causes are hard to identify and it has many levels. Consequently its brought down to economic, social, political and scientific developments in which people associate globalisation. GOV PUB POL UK PG 126, Prime Ministers and Cabinet officials believe that globalisation has changed politics and made it problematic. ******Conclusion†¦..

Coparison Between Two Guitars: Ibanez 453 Rvc And The Gibson Les Paul :: essays research papers

Coparison Between Two Guitars: Ibanez 453 RVC and the Gibson Les Paul The paper I have written and know alot about is a contrast on two really well known and popular guitars. One which is the Gibson Les Paul, and the other which is the Ibanez 453 RVC. Both guitars may look alike to some, and to some they may sound alike as well, but are they really alike? Starting with the bodys, the Gibson Custom Les Paul is made of solid mahogeny wood, which gives the guitar a more Classical look and feel and also a much better and clearer sound. The Gibson is a more luxiourous guitar for which it is better for classical rock and light heavy metal as opposed to the Ibanez which is excellent for hard rock and heavy metal. Going further up the guitar, you have what are called the pickups. A pickup is a really sensative box that is attached to the body in between the bottom of the neck and the bottom of the bridge. The purpose of a pickup is to "pick up" the sounds of the notes or chords that are being strummed. There are many different types of pickups; for instance, the Gibson Les Paul has pickups that are called Humbuckers, which are much higher and of a better quality than the pickups on an Ibanez. The Ibanez comes with regular music store pickups that are not bad but do not have the quality of the Humbuckers. So having better quality means that the pickups are more sensative; being more sensative means that the guitar can put out clearer and higher quality sound.Moving to the lower part of the guitar, both guitars have knobs. The purpose of these knobs are to control the different types of sounds that you want to produce. The Gibson has four controls, but the Ibanez only has two; having only two knobs instead of four means that the Ibanenz has less of a selection or variety on the sound that you want opposed to the Gibson having more control over the sound that you like and the sound that you need. The Gibson having volume and tone for each pickup allows you to adjust the sound to the way you like it, while the Ibanez has volume and tone for only the one pickup, which controls the sound. The next piece that is connected to every guitar is the neck. Many guitars have many different types of necks varying from length, width, thickness, and different types of wood. The wood on the neck of the Ibanez is poplar wood,

Mans Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Essay

Man's Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Solzhenitsyn's turning to history has extremely important consequences for his total literary heritage. As he himself has said, "Literature that is not the very breath of contemporary society does not deserve the name of literature." To be true literature, "the pain and fears of society must be held before it, society must be warned against the moral and social dangers which threaten it." History to Solzhenitsyn, as to Leo Tolstoy, is the theater and the arena in which the abominations as well as the glories of human behavior are revealed at their most powerful and on the grandest scale. This is not to say that Solzhenitsyn actually "writes history," meaning by that a formal history text. Rather, his novel August 1914 is a vehicle for the telling the larger story of the human condition. As in One Day, characters are minutely inspected in order best to understand the historical environment in which they participate as well as being affected by it. In other words, history at its present juncture provides Solzhenitsyn with concrete, "living" referents or the actual background against which the moral fiber of realistically depicted characters are not only revealed but above all tested and tempered. As in the later work, Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn's historical novel about Leninist-Stalinist terror and the labor-camp system, so in August 1914 events do not simply "happen," as though they were products of the action of Fate. It is precisely over the issue of Why Events Happen that Solzhenitsyn parts company with the great Russian writer, Tolstoy, who himself used history (War and Peace) as a mea... ...," not by means of dogmatic insistence upon "historical law" and "ultimate truth." So, for Solzhenitsyn, man's Tragedy does not consist in his being ground under by an historical juggernaut, a dumb force guided by inexorable historical laws, impersonal forces, economic determinism, and so forth. Instead, man makes his own history. Ideologies, religions, policies do help shape the lines along which history will be made, but above all for Solzhenitsyn, it is men who make history. It is they who can be blamed. So can the makers of ideologies be blamed for the postulates they develop and the consequences which result from them. "Who is to blame?" the author of Gulag Archipelago asks in the chapter entitled, "The Law Becomes a Man." He answers, with bitter irony: "Well, of course, it obviously could never be the Over-All Leadership!" Man's Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Essay Man's Tragedy in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch Solzhenitsyn's turning to history has extremely important consequences for his total literary heritage. As he himself has said, "Literature that is not the very breath of contemporary society does not deserve the name of literature." To be true literature, "the pain and fears of society must be held before it, society must be warned against the moral and social dangers which threaten it." History to Solzhenitsyn, as to Leo Tolstoy, is the theater and the arena in which the abominations as well as the glories of human behavior are revealed at their most powerful and on the grandest scale. This is not to say that Solzhenitsyn actually "writes history," meaning by that a formal history text. Rather, his novel August 1914 is a vehicle for the telling the larger story of the human condition. As in One Day, characters are minutely inspected in order best to understand the historical environment in which they participate as well as being affected by it. In other words, history at its present juncture provides Solzhenitsyn with concrete, "living" referents or the actual background against which the moral fiber of realistically depicted characters are not only revealed but above all tested and tempered. As in the later work, Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn's historical novel about Leninist-Stalinist terror and the labor-camp system, so in August 1914 events do not simply "happen," as though they were products of the action of Fate. It is precisely over the issue of Why Events Happen that Solzhenitsyn parts company with the great Russian writer, Tolstoy, who himself used history (War and Peace) as a mea... ...," not by means of dogmatic insistence upon "historical law" and "ultimate truth." So, for Solzhenitsyn, man's Tragedy does not consist in his being ground under by an historical juggernaut, a dumb force guided by inexorable historical laws, impersonal forces, economic determinism, and so forth. Instead, man makes his own history. Ideologies, religions, policies do help shape the lines along which history will be made, but above all for Solzhenitsyn, it is men who make history. It is they who can be blamed. So can the makers of ideologies be blamed for the postulates they develop and the consequences which result from them. "Who is to blame?" the author of Gulag Archipelago asks in the chapter entitled, "The Law Becomes a Man." He answers, with bitter irony: "Well, of course, it obviously could never be the Over-All Leadership!"

Leadership – To lead or to follow That is the question

Title: To lead or to follow? That Is the question. Assignment Topic: Compare and contrast two leaders, at least one of whom must be a business leader. Which of the two was the more effective leader? Why? What skills did they demonstrate? These two leaders must be explicitly named in your assignment and will be drawn from your knowledge of them or from biographies of modern-day leaders. Provide enough details of these two leaders so that a reader, who does not know of them, will be able to follow the points about them that you are making.Your assignment should demonstrate that you know what makes a successful leader, manager and entrepreneur in any situation. Word count (from the start of the Introduction section to the end of the Conclusion section, does not Include tables): 251 8 Executive Summary Defining the difference between a manager and a leader comes down to a few fundamental elements. Within this is the bases of identifying a follower from a leader, and the situation at hand .Often great leaders are created form a critical situation, hence why a continual development plan on self-growth and organizational growth Is Important as It pushes a leader beyond what Is expected of them In an everyday situation. A leader can be defined in many areas of life. Being a parent would be the first real role of presenting as a leader. From there, career choices or situations then reveal aspects of a leader. Some of the most powerful leaders of today, have stated that through adversity, they become who they are in this moment as it taught them fundamental lessons in managing life.To illustrate what makes a good leader, I will be comparing two personalities In this paper, 1. Richard Brannon (Abramson because he really does some outrageous moves In business and 2. Anthony Robbins (Robbins), because he has this unlimited passion for creating unlimited potential in anyone he meets. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to leaders 6 1 . 1 Anthony Robbins – The God father of life coaching 6 1. 2 Sir Richard Brannon – World's most exceptional business leader. 7 2. Understanding the nature of leadership 8 2. 1 Leadership or management 9 2. 2 The leader, the follower and the situation. 0 The followers 10 The situation 1 1 3. Leadership and change 13 4. Leadership skills 15 Leading an individual 15 Leading a team or group 15 5. Leadership intelligence, power and influence 16 Intelligence 16 Power and influence. 18 Conclusion 19 â€Å"For people to be true leaders, they must first see things for how they are, not worse. It's really about mastering the strength within yourself so that you can conquer the outer world around you† â€Å"Life is a gift, not a chore†. Anthony Robbins Entrepreneur, Author, Peak Performance Specialist. Mimi shouldn't blindly accept leader's advice.You've got to question leaders on occasion†. Sir Richard Brannon Entrepreneur, Visionary, Founder of Virgin Group 1 . Introduction to leaders 1 . 1 Anthony Ro bbins – The God father of life coaching Robbins (born in California, February 29, 1960) is an exceptional example of turning struggle into success. He is a recognized authority on the psychology of leadership. In the personal improvement industry, Robbins was the first to surpass more than a billion dollars in sales. He is one of the most successful advisors to world leaders, such as Nelson Mandela, Mikhail Cockroach and Bill Clinton.And one of the most sought-after speakers in the world (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D). His philosophy is simple – create a set of standards that will in turn create change. See table 1. Brannon, (born in Blackhead, London July 18 1950) the name behind the world's most irresistible brand, Virgin. There are over 100 Virgin companies in various industries all over the world. (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). According to an Ipso MOOR Captains of Industry Poll, Brannon has been voted as the most impressive business person in Britain' (Britai n's most impressive businessman' n. ). Brannon got a taste for entrepreneurship when he started a business magazine ‘Success', at the age of sixteen. The Virgin brand was then discovered, starting as a mail order business, then expanded into Virgin Records. Abrasion's is the only person to build eight billion dollar companies in eight different sectors. He was ninth in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006, worth slightly more than E billion (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). Abrasions values to his success. See Table 2. What makes a leader? What makes one greater than the other?Firstly both are leaders because of their ability to create change through drive and passion, in turn inspiring followers. To compare Brannon and Robbins, the need to analyze the fundamentals of the nature of leadership are required. 2. Understanding the nature of leadership Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012, define a good leader as more than Just a calculation, planning or following a checklist, it also involve s touching others feelings. This emphasizes that leadership is more than Just instructing followers, but rather touching people's hearts as well as their heads.Emotions play a major role in success. Brannon and Robbins do this equally. Robbins does this on a greater scale as he is called on by leaders when facing a critical situation to provide strategic advice. In 2009, Robbins worked with over three million people in eighty different countries ‘Unleashing The Power', Figurers, 2009). In 2014, Robbins, worked with over fifty million people in more than one hundred countries (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D). Are these men leaders or managers? 2. 1 Leadership or management Leadership and management are closely related.They overlap as well as have distinguishable functions. See figure 1 . Described as a ‘complex phenomenon involving the leader, the follower and the situation' (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012 p. 4). Galilean (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012), expresses that s ome people are managers by nature and some people are traders by nature. Table 3 identifies the individual distinctions. 2. 2 The leader, the follower and the situation. The leader The leader is considered a role model to followers. They influence through their personal wisdom contributing to the follower's personal development and well-being.Outstanding leaders influence inspirational and intellectual stimulation creating a vision of the future (Cheer, et al 2014). Robbins and Brannon have become leaders without trying. Their unique styles have shown their level of success and therefore created followers to further nurture their dervish influence. Robbins has a unique ability to identify patterns that an individual is presenting and then gain consistent results by modeling underlying strategies. Such as his â€Å"Leadership in times of crisis† strategies. This approach was how Robbins took his own pain and suffering to evolve into a leader.For three decades, Robbins has been taking leaders at the pinnacle of their success, to align with their respective values and raising their standards by which they live. More often than not, they call on Robbins when facing critical decisions. A leader leading leaders requires continual additional engineering, as the leader then becomes the â€Å"follower†. Brannon started leading as an entrepreneur at the age of sixteen from his dorm room. Virgin Records was formed with Mimic Oldie being the first to sign a record deal with other household names assisting Virgin in becoming the biggest independent label in the world.From here, Virgin Airlines, Virgin Mobile and Virgin Galactic etc. Were born (Richard Brannon Biography n. D) Brannon stands as one of the pioneers in business and taking risks that other would never even dream of. Could a leader then become a follower? Leaders and followers have strengths and weaknesses, when under pressure, these will be exaggerated. The followers â€Å"Leadership is not restr icted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular position or role; followers are part of the leadership process, too† (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012).Fellowship is a critical part of the leadership equation. Without followers there would be no leader. Robbins has a theory that leaders give, and followers receive, but equally these two elements can only exist as being as one and Robbins has changed the lives of over one hundred million people. He is a Unitarian feeding more than three million people in fifty six countries a year. He has impacted many followers' lives by his bestselling self-help books, audio programs and live events (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D).Abrasion's Virgin brand has over one hundred companies' worldwide employing approximately sixty thousand people. Brannon is an avid social media user voted as the Auk's number one twitter user and worlds most followed person on Linked with more than eleven million followers across social media networks. He has written several books and has touched the lives of many students etc. Y encouraging an advisory centre to support common issues (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). The situation Does a leader develop from a situation? Out of crisis, some of the most extraordinary leaders are born.This would indicate the influences from a particular situation will encourage leadership qualities to be initiated in possibly a follower who now becomes a leader. ‘Leadership is the result of a complex set of interactions among the leader, the followers, and the situation' (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012 p. 15) Brannon and Robbins have developed as powerful leaders by implementing the viral of experience which highlights the process of action-observation-reflection (A- O-R) model, which has been critical in their leadership development and understanding of dealing with the situation (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012 p. 7). 2. 2 Understanding the Interaction Model of Leadership Understanding what makes a good leader and the effectiveness of the application to practice can be challenging. There has been no development of a leadership frame to model, unless it is aligning with spiritual, servant or transformational theories that have formulated a structure (Lethal, 2014). Subsequently, the way one leads will be determined by the followers and the situation. This then creates an element of interaction that overlap to influence the outcome. See figure 2. Gannett & Church 2012, p. 5).Situation vary greatly therefore analyzing and responding to situations vary between leaders. Behavior outcomes are largely innate – or artistic, and formal – or scientific, (internship plus experience). An effective leaders will exercise both the rational and emotional views – the Whole person' approach – of followers in order to produce desired results (Hughes, Gannett & church 2012, up. 6-7). Robbins gained innate (artistic) abilities from his own pain and suffering, and his formal (scientific) learning from motivational speakers and personal mentor, Jim Iron, and observation of individuals who were struggling.Brannon gained innate (artistic) abilities from his early learning from his father, a barrister, his grandfather, a Judge and as a student entrepreneur, and formal (scientific), from education at Stows School (however he had dyslexia and poor grades) and his business adventures (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). Brannon has been quoted in a presentation to Mambas, part of one's ability to succeed, be aware that to all business succeed and that they should be prepared to fail (mambas Presentation article' n. D). Through failure comes success. . Leadership and change Leading change is perhaps the most difficult challenge facing any leader (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, p. 556). Change has been known to cause fear. Leaders must therefore have a strong element of trust from followers that give a sense of security. Identifying a rational approach to ch ange requires road map for leaders to follow. According to Beer (Hughes, Gannett and Church 2012, p. 559), application of C = D x M P > R is a rational and straightforward approach to implement (see table 4).However, with change comes various factors to consider, which is strongly referenced towards resistance. There is an evident expectation-performance gap (see figure 3) that is commonly seen and should be managed through communication. Expectations that for change to take affect and results to be instant are unrealistic and require a certain level of patience. Another factor is emotions commonly associated with change that involves a sense of self-reflection or rejection and dealt with by being aware of the SARA model see figure 4.Robbins has a significant amount of trust from his followers, so much so that some of the world's greatest leaders have called on him as a strategic adviser. American anyone in the world to personally coach their business, they requested Robbins (Anthon y Robbins Biography n. D). Brannon as a leader in business, is someone that is most admired. In a presentation to Mambas, Brannon expressed that in business, a strong sense of ethics is fundamental in individual success, also believing that creativity, intuition and empathy are equally important (Abramson gives advice to Mamba's n. D).Depending upon the situation, a certain level of skillet is required to be an exceptional leader. 4. Leadership skills Skills associated with leadership will be expressed in various situations. How to lead an individual will differ from a team or a group. Leading an individual When working with and individual, it is obvious, there are areas to consider and work with such as interests/motivation, skills/abilities, values/attitudes, interpersonal behavior. All these factors can be nurtured easily, however when there are multiples such as in a group or team, it can create a new paradigm.Leading a team r group Team = often members of the same team (footbal l team), with common goals such as developing a new project or winning a championship, often having to work together to create the outcome. Group = members belong to a group for personal reasons, (church group), which may clash with other group members ideals. Often work independently (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, p 391). Robbins has a strong influence over individuals as well as groups and teams. During his seminars, he has participants walking barefoot over hot coals.Robbins metaphor that those who achieve greatness is the ability to take action-even if they experience fear (Tony Robbins' n. D). Abrasions Virgin Empire, has been recognized as the most desirable employer brand to work for according to two thousand British workers. He has also been described as being knowledgeable and innovative and very popular with 35 – 54 year olds (Virgin-named top employer brand', n. D). Effectiveness of leadership may be based on whether the team reaches its objectives. However, this may not be an affective observation. To gain understanding how a team functions iceberg metaphor is used to (see figure 5. ). 5.Leadership intelligence, power and influence Intelligence Hahn, et al (2012), believe that emotional intelligence involves a connection between various states of fear, pain and desire. In business, it plays a significant role determining factors that influence the effectiveness of a person, however it should not be a substitute for skills, knowledge and abilities. Difficult due to their achievements table 5, provides insight into Trichina theory of intelligence. OCEAN method is used to profile leaders. From this, there are five factors that are evident. Robbins and Brannon have shown that they have very similar traits (see figure 6).Good leaders have a high degree of CEQ and an innate ability to comply with these qualities: Strong sense of integrity, high ethical standards, recognize if they don't know or understand, confident, aware and exceptional decisio n-making capacity (Hahn, et al, 2012). Power and influence. Robbins and Brannon would be considered transformational leaders. They have the ability to exude a level of power and influence over their followers. Expertise times trust equals credibility. A 360-degree feedback report identified for leadership success and effectiveness, credibility was the most important (Hughes, Gannett & ropy 2012, p. 277-281). One specific advantage Robbins and Brannon have as being effective leaders is that they are both excellent communicators. Communication effectiveness is based on the ability to articulate arguments, advocate positions, persuade others and communicate feelings and ideas. Robbins was recognized by Toastmasters as one of the world's greatest speakers with a Golden Gavel Award. Brannon Received ‘The 2014 Business for Peace Award', in Oslo, Norway ‘The Business for Peace Foundation', 2014 Business Peace Award. Ethics and values are the bases of why these leaders attract l oyal followers.To become a great leader, it is not necessarily fact that you are a ‘born leader' as many leaders have developed from crisis situations. It has also been noted that many a great leader has given homage back to a power greater than themselves as playing a part in their leadership abilities and purpose. West and Noel (2013), state that leaders that are aware of God as they lead, understand the effectiveness of not Just numerical growth, but of the quality of life in their disciples {followers} lives and the effectiveness of leadership.What makes a successful leader, manager and entrepreneur? A successful leader is one who, being self-aware, uses available resources ethically and efficiently, adequately addresses followers' needs, and applies an optimal rational/emotional solution to the situation at hand (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, up. 34-35). Robbins and Brannon exhibit the above qualities. They are both board members of companies other than their own. Robbin s has been recognized as â€Å"Top 50 Business intellectuals in the world† and voted â€Å"Top 200 Business Gurus†, (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D).Brannon has been recognized for various awards such as amour of Knight Bachelor for his services to entrepreneurship, by Charles, Prince of Wales, and is eighty five of the list of top two hundred Britons. We could safely state, that they are great leaders of the twenty first century (Richard Brannon' n. D). Comparing one to the other to determine which would be considered greater is difficult. They are both humanitarians, entrepreneurs and naturally exceptional leaders. The differentiation would be that Brannon is a leader ahead of his game in business and Robbins leads the leaders to continually improve on being an exceptional leader.

Coketown described by Charles Dickens †Criticism Essay

This passage has come across a monotonous and dull town surrounded by industrialization. There is no colour, no aesthetic beauty but just buildings and factories that are an eyesore to the whole town. This town was once a nice place and it was a town of ‘red brick’ but because of all the smoke, dust and dirt it has now all changed to black brick. There is no life left in the inhabitants of the town. They are just servers to the town and they aren’t even considered the characters of the passage. They are dehumanized and instead the buildings are the characters that take over. The buildings seem to literally take over the human qualities and are given priority and superiority to the people. There is no change or difference between one building and another. ‘The Jail might have been the infirmary; the infirmary might have been the jail’. There is a sense of sameness and uniformity. Other people get life out of what Coketown sacrifices. The people of this town are stuck with this lifestyle forever as there doesn’t seem to be any way out if it. The town is literally doomed. There is the image of ‘serpents’ which give off the evil part to this town. It is almost as if the people are under the influence of this evil task master from which the inhabitants can never hope to escape. There is also the image of ‘water’ which is usually the symbol of life and purity but in this case the water has become a victim of this so called progress. This lifeless town is basically sustained by what it makes and produces. These people are sacrificing their lives and their town in order to survive. The only thing that seems to be done in this town is work and more work; there are no natural sights or pleasure in its perspective. Everything is made just for purpose and function. Even the chapel built which is supposed to be an inspiring building and h ave meaning to people is described as a ‘warehouse’. There is a feeling of entrapment in this town such as the ‘bird cage’ image used. These people have no knowledge of life out of this town. They are mechanical soldiers who feel enslaved to working for this town and feel like it is their only purpose to life. The people are alienated from each other as they don’t even seem to try and change this strict and totalitarian system. There is nothing more than facts and nothing seems important besides facts. It is a perverted world where people have lost their humanity and inanimate objects get a life of their own. This town seems to be what controls the people and unfortunately the people all seem to be too intimated by the system that they won’t even consider speaking up about the corrupt lifestyle they all live each day. There is a major devoid of natural life and the people are helpless to the situation.